Background: The comparative efficacy of epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine combined with magnesium\nsulfate in providing postoperative analgesia remains controversial.\nMethods: We searched Mediline (OvidSP), EMBASE (OvidSP) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials\n(CENTRAL) to identify trials that compared epidural bupivacaine and magnesium sulfate combination (intervention)\nwith bupivacaine alone (control). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE)\nframework was used to assess the quality of evidence.\nResults: Eleven studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria after screening. We found that epidural bupivacaine combined\nwith magnesium sulfate could prolong the time for first rescue analgesics (SMD 4.96; 95% CI [2.75, 7.17],.........
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